post Vegetables are also obtained from Brinjal (Solanum melongena) and Bell Pepper (Capsicum frutescens var. In Solanaceae III: taxonomy, chemistry, evolution, ed. Doganlar, S., A. Frary, M.-C. Daunay, R. N. Lester, and S. D. Tanksley. However, wild species remain largely unexploited for eggplant breeding. Known as “aubergine” in Europe, the name “brinjal” is … Go Botany: Native Plant Trust Genetics 161: 1713–1726. Solanum melongena, commonly known as eggplant or aubergine, belongs in the plant family Solanaceae, which also houses tomato, potato, nicotine and the poisonous deadly nightshade plant. Sepal tube is bell-shaped 1 cm in diameter. 2013). Vorontsova, M. S., S. Stern, L. Bohs, and S. Knapp. Monogr. the state. This plant has no children Legal Status. The edible fruit of Solanum melongena L., belonging to the genus Solanum, is described by several names. Bot. Soc. 173: 176-193. doi:10.1111/boj.12053. Solanum is among the largest genera, having more than 1500 described plant species (Chen, 1997). 1.2- Species Solanum melongena L. - Eggplant + Overview Eggplant (Solanum melongena) or aubergine is a species in genus Solanum L. in tribe Solaneae of nightshade grown for its edible fruit. evidence (herbarium specimen, photograph). Though the basic type of ... (Solanum melongena L.) bear study of large collection from many countries hermaphrodite flowers in clusters as well as singly showed that, in 21.5% of varieties, the stigma Spec. Knapp, S., M. S. Vorontsova, and J. Prohens. Also covers More Accounts and Images; ARS Germplasm Resources Information Network (SOME) CalPhotos (SOME) … 2002. angustum S.P.Dikii Solanum melongena var. Native Plant Trust or respective copyright holders. All rights reserved. (intentionally or Wild Solanum melongena is found in the area of Myanmar–Yunnan where it developed from the Solanum incanum complex, which had previously migrated into Asia from the Middle East and East Africa. Young stems terete, moderately stellate-pubescent to glabrescent and unarmed, occasionally prickly, with porrect, translucent, sessile or occasionally stalked trichomes, the stalks to 0.2 mm long, the rays 8-15, 0.3-0.7 mm long, the midpoints ca. Eggplants belong to the nightshade family of vegetables, which also includes tomatoes, sweet peppers and potatoes. Discover thousands of New England plants. Ann. You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. [Asia] China: qie. The relationships of the African eggplant relatives are supported by results from molecular phylogenetics (Weese & Bohs 2010; Vorontsova et al. Interpreting Wetland Status. 2013). 467, 155-162 DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.1998.467.17 Flora Zambesiaca. Increased anthocyanin in the stems, leaves and corollas are likely an accidental by-product of selection for fewer prickles, as the loci responsible are located near each other (Doganlar et al. The Atlas of Florida Plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. 5.  PLoS ONE 8(2): e57039. Eggplant (US, Australia, New Zealand, anglophone Canada), aubergine (UK, Ireland, Quebec) or brinjal (South Asia, South Africa) is a plant species in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Flowers 4-8-merous, heterostylous and the plants andromonoecious, with the lowermost flower long-styled and hermaphrodite, the distal flowers short-styled and staminate. Solanaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes agricultural species such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), eggplant (S. melongena), pepper (Capsicum annuum), and potato (S. tuberosum). esculentum (Dun.) Homonyms Solanum melongena L. a sighting. The eggplant was likely domesticated in Indo-China from the wild progenitor S. insanum, giving rise to the great variety of cultivars found there, including the more “primitive” prickly S. melongena (group G) and eventually the commercial cultivars (group H). Potato (Solanum tuberosum) and Tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum= Lycopersicum esculentum) are the most common articles for cooking. depressum L. Solanum melongena var. Most commonly purple, the … Chronica Horticulturae 47(3): 16-22. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Wetland Status. Solanum melongena is a cultivated to semi-wild herb with large shallowly-lobed leaves with rounded lobes and large white or purple flowers, grown for its large edible white, yellow, or purple fruits. Solanum melongena can be distinguished from S. incanum by its lack of prickles or rarely straight prickles (versus curved prickles, rarely straight prickles in S. incanum) and moderate pubescence making the plant green-brown or reddish as herbarium specimens (versus dense pubescence making the plant pale yellow in S. incanum). Your help is appreciated. Within that group it belongs to the strongly supported Eggplant Clade (Vorontsova et al. State documented: documented Solana Africana. Cultivated worldwide in tropical and subtropical areas (in the temperate zone under glass); the greatest diversity of landraces and cultivars is found in Asia (India, China and southeast Asia), with secondary centres in the Middle East and around the Mediterranean.. Note: when native and non-native In global terms 90% of production is concentrated in China, India, Egypt, Turkey, and Japan (Lucier & Jerardo 2006). populations both exist in a county, only native status 2007. inflorescence varied within individual plants as well as between accessions. Solanum melongena is a domesticate derived from S. insanum, and belongs (with its wild relatives) in the Old World Clade of the spiny solanums (Leptostemonum; Weese & Bohs 2010). 2020 It is a perennial plant which is commonly grown as an annual. Accessed: 09-Oct-10. In this scenario ancestors of tropical African S. campylacanthum (groups A and B) gave rise to ancestors of southern African S. lichtensteinii (group D) and northern African S. incanum s.s. (group C). Conservation of gene function in the Solanaceae as revealed by comparative mapping of domestication traits in eggplant. 2/3 of the way to the base in S. aethiopicum). Cultivated in Uppsala, Sweden, Anonymous s. n. (lectotype, designated by Schönbeck-Temesy 1972: LINN! As the fruit matures it gets stringy and bitter. Unlike most of the genus, the eggplant and its relatives are from the Old World; most eggplant wild relatives are from Africa. [Africa] Sierra Leone: ponibuji, okpotokpobo (Thomas 4357); kobo kobo, kupe (Thomas 456); kojoi (Mende language, Fisher 91). acta hortic. Syst. With approximately 450 species, spiny Solanum species constitute the largest monophyletic group in the Solanaceae family, but a high-quality genome assembly from this group is presently missing. Most of the s… Bot. Family Name: Solanaceae: Synonyms: Solanum melongena var. Solanum melongena can be distinguished from S. aethiopicum by its mauve to purple corolla 2.5-5 cm wide and lobed for 1/4-1/3 of the way to the base (versus white corolla 0.8-1.8 cm wide and lobed for ca. Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution CC BY Licence. For details, please check with your state. To prevent automated spam submissions leave this field empty. Anthropogenic (man-made or disturbed habitats). Each flower has five slender finely hairy sepals 2 to 3 mm long, five white to cream star-shaped petals each about 1 cm long, five elongate yellow stamens and a central stigma. Solanum melongena Nees Solanum melongena var. Common name: Potato family or Night shade family Number of genera:This family includes 90 genera and about 3000 species Propagation type: Fruit (dehisced or intact) or seed Distribution: Solanaceae is a large family consisting of 90 genera distributed in tropical and temperate regions of the world. 2008. The aubergine (eggplant) is the economically most important member of Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum with numerous commercial cultivars adapted to a range of tropical and temperate climates. Solanaceae, the nightshade, or potato, family of flowering plants (order Solanales), with 102 genera and nearly 2,500 species, many of considerable economic importance as food and drug plants. Sci. image, please click it to see who you will need to contact. in 20 years). Take a photo and esculentum 'Saneness': Common Name: Brinjal, Eggplant, Aubergine morphological traits of the interspecific eggplant hybrid solanum melongena x solanum torvum. Peralta, I. E., D. M. Spooner, and S. Knapp 2008. Flowering and fruiting throughout the year. Ancient Chinese literature reveals pathways of eggplant domestication. The Latin name 'melongena' has its roots in the Italian name 'melanzane', which derives from 'mela insane' meaning 'mad apple'. Solanum melongena can be distinguished from S. insanum by its lack of prickles or acicular prickles never more than 0.5 mm wide, and restricted to calyces and sometimes also stems and petioles. state. those considered historical (not seen in 20 years). Eggplant origins: out of Africa, into the Orient. To reuse an Show Bot. African spiny Solanum (subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae): a thorny phylogenetic tangle. cylindricum S.P.Dikii Solanum melongena var. you. 2013) which is part of the Old World Clade of the spiny solanums (Leptostemonum; Levin et al. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the University of South Florida and other herbaria. Accessed: 09-Oct-10. The fruit is cooked. * Selvamuthukumaran T, Arivudainambi S (2005) Helicoverpa armigera Hübner on brinjal, Solanum melongena Linn. Vol. Early domesticates recorded from 300 BC in India and from 59 BC in China are likely to have been small, globular, and bitter (Wang et al. unintentionally); has become naturalized. 102: 891–897. Solanum melongena L., the cultivated Brinjal egg- plant, was originally described by Linnaeus (1753) who considered plants cultivated in Asia, Africa and America. Solanum melongena can be distinguished from S. cerasiferum by its obtuse to cordate leaf bases (versus attenuate leaf bases in S. cerasiferum) and rounded leaf lobes (versus rounded to acute leaf lobes in S. cerasiferum). 2002; 29(1):84-86. same length as the rays, unarmed on both surfaces; the primary veins 4-7 pairs, the tertiary venation visible on both surfaces; base cordate to obtuse; margins lobed, the lobes 2(-3) on each side, 0.5-2 cm long, extending 1/4-1/3 of the distance to the midvein, deltate, apically rounded; apex acute; petiole 1-10 cm long, 1/4-1/3(-2/3) of the leaf blade length, moderately stellate-pubescent to glabrescent, with 0-2 prickles. 2002). Also covers those considered historical (not seen same length as the rays. IDA-like genes were searched in relevant genera of the Solanaceae family including several species of Nicotiana (N. sylvestris, N. tomentosiformis, N. tabacum and N. benthamiana), and other crops of agronomic interest such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (S. tuberosum), eggplant (S. melongena) and pepper (Capsicum annuum) (Table 1). The Go Botany project is supported Solanum insanum is a member of the Eggplant Clade (Weese & Bohs, 2010; Vorontsova et al. is shown on the map. 467, 155-162 Acta Hortic. Weese, T. L., and L. Bohs. Solanum melongena is a cultivated species (eggplant) that was domesticated from a wild relative that lives Asia (Solanum incanum). grossum, vern. Eggplant (Solanum melongena) is related to a large number of wild species that are a source of variation for breeding programmes, in particular for traits related to adaptation to climate change. The transition from the vegetative to reproductive stage has been extensively investigated in tomato as i … In India, this family is represented by 15 genera and 88 species. All Characteristics, the edge of the leaf blade has lobes, or it has both teeth and lobes, the edge of the leaf blade is entire (has no teeth or lobes), the plant lives only a single year or less. Solanum melongena is a cultivated to semi-wild herb with large shallowly-lobed leaves with rounded lobes and large white or purple flowers, grown for its large edible white, yellow, or purple fruits. Erect annual herb, 0.2-0.5 m, unarmed, occasionally prickly. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih.. 16: 1-320. Foliage: Hairy leaves are ovate (egg-shaped) to ovate-oblong (elongated egg shape). J. G. Hawkes, R. N. Lester, M. Nee, and N. Estrada, 369-387. A large fleshy kidney shaped berry is that ranges in color from green, to white, to purple-black when immature and when it should be eaten. Copyright: various copyright holders. insanum (L.) Banfi, Galasso & Bartolucci Solanum melongena var. Inflorescence elongate racemes 4–7 cm. Non-native: introduced On trouve Solanum melongena à l’état sauvage dans la région du Myanmar et du Yunnan où il s’est formé à partir du complexe Solanum incanum, qui avait précédemment migré vers l’Asie à partir du Proche-Orient et de l’Afrique de l’Est. Taxonomy of wild tomatoes and their relatives (Solanum sections Lycopersicoides, Juglandifolia, Lycopersicon; Solanaceae). Repert. 8, Part 4. 100-200 per berry, 2.9-3.2 mm long, 2.2-2.5 mm wide, flattened-reniform, orange-brown. Madagascar: Yundahl (Lunt 164). Leaves simple, the blades 10-23 cm long, 9-15 cm wide, 1.5-2 times longer than wide, ovate, chartaceous, drying discolorous; adaxial surface yellow-green to red-brown, moderately stellate-pubescent to glabrescent; abaxial surface glaucous, moderately stellate-pubescent to glabrescent, with porrect, sessile or stalked trichomes, the stalks to 0.2, the rays 5-8, 0.3-1 mm long, the midpoints ca. Genetic analysis of quantitative traits in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) Veg. Uses. in part by the National Science Foundation. 2005. Growth Form: Erect, branching herb up to 1.5 m tall. Solanum melongena in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Eggplant (aubergine) (English). Lester, R. N., and S. M. Z. Hasan. Insect Environment 11(1) p 40. County documented: documented same length as the rays or elongated to 1 mm, with minute simple hairs, the prickles 1-3 mm long, less than 0.5 mm wide at base, straight, acicular, yellow-orange to dark brown, glabrous, spaced 10-50 mm apart; bark of older stems glabrescent, green-brown to dark brown. 2013). 2006). agreste S.P.Dikii Solanum melongena subsp. Lasiodiplodia theobromae (PHYORH) Seeds ca. Among the most important of those are potato (Solanum tuberosum); eggplant (S. melongena); tomato (S. Modern understanding of eggplant origins has its origins in work done by members of Richard Lester’s group at the University of Birmingham (Lester & Hasan 1991). gigantea Alef. 0.9 cm long in long-styled flowers, broad and straight, moderately stellate-pubescent in the lower 1/2. Origin and domestication of the brinjal eggplant, Solanum melongena from S. incanum in Africa and Asia. Stamens equal, with the filament tube 2-3 mm long, the free portion of the filaments 1.2-3 mm long; anthers 5.5-7.5 mm long in long-styled flowers, 5.5-6 mm long in short-styled flowers, connivent, tapering, poricidal at the tips. Calyx 10-40 mm long in long-styled flowers, 7-10 mm long in short-styled flowers, moderately stellate-pubescent, with 0(-30) prickles, the lobes 5-17 mm long in long-styled flowers, 3.5-5 mm long in short-styled flowers, deltate to narrow-deltate, apically acute to long-acuminate. 2. J. Linn. Can you please help us? The characters distinguishing S. melongena from the rest of the eggplant clade are mainly those directly associated with cultivation: larger fruit, altered fruit shape and color, and lack of prickles. Solanum is a large (2000+ species) genus that includes numerous economically important crop species, most notably potato (S. tuberosum), tomato (S. lycopersicum), and eggplant (S. melongena). 84: 1-186. The origin of Solanum melongena is in Asia, but the exact place of domestication in not clear (see references in Knapp et al. Local Names. Solanum melongena: inflorescence with 1-3 flowers, corolla 30–50 mm wide, purple to light purple, and berry 5–30 cm long, black, purple, pink, brown, yellow, or white (vs. S. carolinense, with the inflorescence with mostly 3–6 flowers, corolla 20–30 mm wide, … Daunay, M.-C., and J. Janick. These occur laterally (between two leaves) as the stems elongate. Domestication took place in the area between India, Myanmar and China, where many primitive or weedy eggplant types are still found. Solanum melongena is grown worldwide for its edible fruit. 2013. Wild relatives of the eggplant (Solanum melongena L.: Solanaceae): new understanding of species names in a complex group. Mansfeld's World Database of Agriculture and Horticultural Crops - Solanum melongena Found this plant? Solanum incanum s.s. is then proposed to have dispersed into Arabia and Asia, possibly aided by man because of the value of its berries for tanning hides (Bitter 1923). Exact status definitions can vary from state to L. E. All images and text © Like the fruit crop cultivars of S. aethiopicum, it often exhibits fasciation in the flowers with an increase in the number of flower parts up to 8 and straight thick styles not exserted further than 2 mm beyond the anthers. Fruit a globular to ovoid, ellipsoid, or oblong to variously curved berry, 1 per infructescence, 3-20 cm long, 3-7 cm wide, the pericarp smooth, green, sometimes mottled or striped, white, pink, mauve, purple, or black when young, usually white or maroon at maturity, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 2.5-8 cm long, 2-4 mm in diameter at base, woody, pendulous, with 0(-5) prickles; fruiting calyx lobes elongating to 12-50 mm long, 1/4-1/3 the length of the mature fruit, often cup-shaped around the fruit in some cultivars, with 0(-30) prickles. Cultivars grown in Africa are seldom used by the local population and are mainly consumed by foreign visitors or exported to Europe (Lester et al. It is closely related to and probably the wild progenitor of the cultivated eggplant Solanum melongena. We depend on to exist in the county by Solanum melongena L. – eggplant Subordinate Taxa. Taxon 59: 49-56. Inflorescences apparently terminal or lateral, 6-15 cm long, not branched, with 1-8 flowers, 1-3 flowers open at any one time, moderately stellate-pubescent to glabrescent, unarmed; peduncle 0-80 mm long; pedicels 2-3.5 cm long in long-styled flowers, 0.8-2 cm long in short-styled flowers, erect to pendent, articulated at the base, moderately stellate-pubescent to glabrescent, with 0(-5) prickles; pedicel scars spaced 3-5 mm apart. Background The common or brinjal eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) belongs to the Leptostemonum Clade (the “spiny” solanums) of the species-rich genus Solanum (Solanaceae). This division is to a certain extent artificial, but we prefer to maintain the cultivated and wild forms as separate species (see also Peralta et al. Distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information populations both exist in the state unexploited... Occur laterally ( between two leaves ) as the stems elongate vary from state to state Bohs 2010 Vorontsova! Central and South America within the state, but not documented to a database and images herbarium. ) ; has become naturalized results from molecular phylogenetics ( Weese & Bohs ;. 100-200 per berry, 2.9-3.2 mm long, 2.2-2.5 mm wide, flattened-reniform, orange-brown in Europe, name. Remain largely unexploited for eggplant breeding keep this site free and up to date for.! Into the Orient is … inflorescence: Solitary axillary, umbellate cyme, or cyme. County documented: documented to a county, only Native status is shown on map... Melongena var traits in eggplant ( Daunay & Janick 2007 ) moderately stellate-pubescent in the and... Of species names in a county, only Native status is shown on the map ( subgenus,. Of New England plants ( eggplant ) that was domesticated from a wild relative that lives Asia ( sections. Of information for the distribution of plants within the state 2.9-3.2 mm,... 1972: Linn and non-native populations both exist in the upper 1/4 ; style ca cultivated! M.-C. 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N., and S. Knapp, where many primitive weedy. Science Foundation place in the county by evidence ( herbarium specimen, )... Selvamuthukumaran T, Arivudainambi S ( 2005 ) Helicoverpa armigera Hübner on brinjal Solanum. Peppers and potatoes Ga language, Hall & Bukenya 47135 ) Science Foundation doganlar, S., M. S. S.... World ; most eggplant wild relatives of the spiny solanums ( Leptostemonum ; Levin al... Names in a complex group illustrations see Daunay & Janick 2007 ) World ; most eggplant wild relatives the. E. All images and text © 2020 Native plant Trust Discover thousands of New England plants, the “brinjal”...